..............................................................................................................................................

Rationale

The rationale for the introduction of the new Sandwich Programme derives from the current educational and job-market situations where:

a) Two or more years’ grant of continuous study leave for employees is not favoured by most employing organizations.

b) Capacity utilization of study facilities in the University is stretched to their limits.

c) The demand for development studies graduates with specific professional orientations at the Masters Degree level is quite high, especially from the part of local banking and non-banking financial institutions, as well as NGO’s of foreign origin operating in Ghana.

The following programmes and courses are available in this area:

Admission requirements:

To obtain the MPhil in Development studies, the student must successfully complete 30 semester hours of course work and thesis over a two year period.

............................................................................................................................................

NEW M.A. SANDWICH PROGRAMME

GOVERNANCE & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT(M.A.)

FIRST SEMESTER

SECOND SEMESTER

DETAILED COURSE OUTLINE

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

FIRST SEMESTER COURSES

HRM 501: CONCEPTS AND THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT (3 CREDITS)

The course focuses on models, approaches and indicators of development; gender perspectives and north-south dialogue in development thinking; the globalisation and regional integration processes; NEPAD and other nation-specific initiatives/strategies of development; the resource concept and resource management for development, debates on the accession to the HIPC facility by developing countries.

HRM 503: MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS AND THEORIES (3 CREDITS)

The course covers the following topics:

HRM 505: MANPOWER FORECASTING AND EMPLOYEE RESOURCING

(3 CREDITS)

The course covers the following topics

HRM: 507 ADVANCED RESEARCH METHODS (3 CREDITS)

The topics include: the foundations of empirical research; the scientific method; the research process; basic elements of research; the research design; and measurement; techniques of data collection; survey methods; observation by participation and the transect; projective techniques; use of available data; use of official statistics (documentary); advanced study of reliability and validity; sampling techniques; scaling techniques; evaluation research; data analysis and processing; communication in the research process; interpretation and reporting of research results; ethical implications of research; writing the research proposal.

HRM 509: STATISTICS (3 CREDITS)

The course introduces students to statistical procedures

SECOND SEMESTER

HRM 502: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT (3 CREDITS)

The course focuses on

HRM 504: LABOUR RELATIONS AND ERGONOMICS (3 CREDITS)

The course focuses on

HRM 506: INTRODUCTIONS TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS AND CONTROL (3 CREDITS)

This course contains elements of financial and management accounting. The objective is to provide knowledge that will enhance financial decision-making and human resource management capabilities. Students will be introduced to the writing/conduct and interpretation of:

HRM 508- STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP (3 CREDITS)

The course deals with:

HRM 510: COMPUTING (3 CREDITS)

The course introduces students to word processing and spreadsheets such as Excel, and SPSS for statistical analyses.

Hardware components; input output devices, Software: operating system; utility packages; application software; Maintenance Procedures. Health Issues

Word Processing essentials; Mail Merge, PowerPoint, New Document Templates. Internet Essentials and Research.

SPSS – Definition of Variables, Data Transformation: Coding. and Recoding; Data Inputting

SPSS – Inferential Statistics and Interpretation of results; Harvard Graphics

Excel – Excel Basics: data entry, editing, definition of variables; Sorting; Filtering; Subtotals

Excel – Numerical Data: Descriptive Statistics; Graphs; Correlation; Regression; Percentiles and Ranks; Z-scores

Excel – Inferential Statistics: tests of hypothesis (t-test, f-test, Anova etc);

Chi-Square Analysis

Excel – Categorical Data: Regression; Pivot Table and Chart Report.

Excel – Logical Functions

HRM 599: DISSERTATION

At the end of the course students will present a Dissertation of 10,000 to 15,000 words. The paper will be based on field studies in areas chosen by the students and approved by supervisors drawn from the Faculty.

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (HRD)

FIRST SEMESTER

HRD 501: CONCEPTS AND THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT (3 CREDITS)

The course focuses on models, approaches and indicators of development; gender perspectives and north-south dialogue in development thinking; the globalisation and regional integration processes; NEPAD and other nation-specific initiatives/strategies of development; the resource concept and resource management for development, debates on the accession to the HIPC facility by developing countries.

HRD 503: LABOUR RELATIONS AND LABOUR MARKET CONCEPTS (3 CREDITS)

The course aims at introducing students to the definition and scope of labour economics; labour market and labour force concepts and trends; employment and wages; working conditions.

HRD 505: HRD NEEDS ASSESSMENT (3 CREDITS)

The course focuses on theories of human and organisational needs; methods and models of needs assessment for HRD; developing HRD Programmes and their implementation/evaluation; re- education, seminars, workshops, debates, guidance and counselling, focus and concentrate approaches; market targeting on training.

HRD 507: ADVANCED RESEARCH METHODS (3 CREDITS)

The course covers: The foundations of empirical research; techniques of data collection; survey methods; observation by participation and the transect; projective techniques; use of official statistics; advanced study or reliability and validity; sampling techniques; scaling techniques; evaluation research; data analysis and processing; communication in the research process; interpretation and reporting of research results; ethical implications of research; writing of research proposal.

HRD 509: STATISTICS (3 CREDITS)

The course introduces students to statistical procedures:

SECOND SEMESTER COURSES

HRD 502: TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESSES; (3 CREDITS)

The course introduces students to the philosophy of planning, teaching and learning; human resource accounting; developing a training proposal/module; cost-benefit analysis of training, HRD strategic planning.

HRD 504: POSITIONING THE HRD PROGRAMME WITHIN THE ORGANISTION (3 CREDITS)

The course examines the strategies and methods employed to develop and institutionalise the HRD programme in an organization i.e.

HRD 506: INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS AND CONTROL (3 CREDITS)

The course contains elements of financial and management accounting. The objective is to provide knowledge that will enhance financial decision-making and human resource management capabilities.

It will focus on the conduct and interpretation of

HRD 508- STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP (3 CREDITS)

The course deals with:

HRD 510: COMPUTING (3 CREDITS)

The course introduces students to word processing and spreadsheets such as Excel, and SPSS for statistical analyses.

HRD 599: DISSERTTION

At the end of the course students will present a Dissertation of 10,000 to 15,000 words. The paper will be based on field studies in areas chosen by the students and approved by supervisors drawn from the Faculty.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND POLICY (EMP)

FIRST SEMESTER

EMP 501: ENVIRONMENTAL AND DEVELOPMENT (3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course introduces students to the emerging issues in the relationship between development and the environment. Attention will be on the efficient allocation, utilization and management of resources and the protection of the environment from over-exploitation, pollution and contamination; structural adjustment and the environment; environmental issues in the built environment and ethical issues.

EMP 503: SOCIETY, CULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT (3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course exposes students to the sociological insights into environmental issues. It covers such issues as the political economy of consumption, production and regulation, and the relative impact of technology, social change and social organization on environmental degradation; the ethical expectations of all parties in the field of environmental concerns and other related fields; environmental regulation, environmental advocacy and social movements.

EMP 505: ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS (3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course covers market failure, government failure and environmental degradation; environmental regulations; environmental externalities; market-based incentives, environmental project appraisal and sustainable development.

EMP 507: RESEARCH METHODS (3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course introduces students to the existing methods of social research and data analysis. These include: foundations of social research; the scientific method, qualitative and quantitative research methods; techniques of data collection, reliability and validity; sampling, evaluation research; data processing and presentation; proposed and report writing.

EMP 509: STATISTICS (3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course introduces students to statistical techniques that will help them in the analysis and interpretation of dada. The topics include: the normal distribution, statistical estimation theory, decision theory, sampling distribution of means, correlation and regression, multivariate analysis, micro-computers – Excel, Work and SPSS.

SECOND SEMESTER

EMP 502: ENVIRONMENAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND AUDITING (3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course introduces students to the relevant tools for measuring the impact of the use of environmental resources. These tools are: screening and scoping; baseline studies; assessment of impacts; environmental monitoring; evaluation and mitigation; auditing and corporate compliance.

EMP 504: ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY (3 CREDIT HOURS)

This course is an introduction to the law pertaining to environmental issues such as pollution. Environmental problems are defined and alternative approaches for dealing with them are examined. Existing statutory efforts such as the National Environmental Action Plan and the EPA law are analysed. International environmental conventions are also examined.

EMP 506: CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL MANGEMENT (3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course covers issues of management of the environment as it occurs at the corporate level. The issues are: wealth and environmental, risk management and emergency response, occupational health and safety and the environment; total quality management, life cycle analysis; clean technologies; second-best practices, and corporate-society relations.

OPTIONAL COURSES

EMP 510: ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION (3 CREDIT HHOURS)

This course covers the efficient and sustainable use of environmental resources; optional tax policies on the use of resources; charges and subsidies; efficiency and pareto optimality, stochastic influences (administrative obstacle to the use of taxes).

EMP 511: ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING (3 CREDIT HOURS)

The topics to be discussed are: the theory of environmental asset services; environmental valuation concepts; environmental investment and depreciation; conventional accounts and non-market goods; modified accounting structure (i.e. preparation of an environmentally-adjusted net domestic product).

EMP 512: NATURAL RESOURCE ECONOMICS (3 CREDIT HOURS)

This course covers the history of natural resource economics, types of resources, sustainable development, public goods and club goods, common property resources, recycling, and environmental valuation.

EMP 513: COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENTAL/WETLAND MANAGEMENT

(3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course covers management issues necessary for sustainable coastal and wetland environment. The issues include the following: meaning of coastal zone and wetlands; coastal and wetland resources; activities undertaken in the coastal areas and wetlands; application of sustainable development to coastal zone and the wetlands; institutions and legal arrangements for coastal and wetland resources management; problems facing coastal zones and wetlands; and the causes and effects of the problems.

EMP 514: ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION (3 CREDIT HOURS)

This course examines the antecedent concepts and their inadequacies for understanding environmental issues and problems. The issues are: explanations of the causes of environmental destruction; the new human ecology; environmental attitudes, values and behaviour; environmental movements; technological risk assessment; news media and behaviours; environmental communication, rhetoric in environmental communication; case studies.

EMP 515: NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course covers the perspectives/concepts of NRM (definitions of concepts such as environment, resource, management, development, resource analysis etc); general survey of resource base of Ghana (types, classification, distribution in space, mapping strategies); GIS/remote sensing; resource appraisal, allocation and carrying capacity; factors influencing resource utilisation; resource management – forestry, land resources, mining, marine/water bodies; waste management; environmental impact/techniques and assessments, and disaster, risk management/pollution control.

EMP 516: POVERTY AND ENVIRONMENT (3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course introduces students to the concepts of population, poverty and environment and their interrelationship; environmental perception and behaviour; environmental degradation and protection; human activities and their environmental impacts, population and environmental policies of Ghana, efforts being made towards poverty alleviation.

EMP 517: URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (3 CREDIT HOURS)

The issues for this course cover the following: urbanisation (definition, history, trends, morphology, suburbanisation, urban sprawl); sources and management of urban wastes: (types, agent, disposal techniques); urban transport pollution and management issues; urbanisation and space organisation (town planning, concept of eco-city, vertical city and modern city, building a modern city); sustainable development in cities; sources of data for UEM; monitoring/assessment of environmental cleanliness/environmental health; policy issue in UEM; protected areas in cities/greening of cities; case studies and fieldwork.

EMP 518: GLOBALISATION, ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

(3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course covers issues in globalisation and their impact on energy and development; trend in energy production, supply and construction; energy emissions and their consequences, in relation to globalisation; global warming and climate change; new energy options.

EMP 519: POLLUTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT (3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course focuses on the causes of pollution and their local and global consequences in the short and long run; economic analysis of pollution and policy-related issues; pollution control; taxation on pollution, sectoral pollution (agriculture, industry), acid rain, ozone layer depletion.

DEMOCRACY, GOVERNANCE, LAW AND DEVELOPMENT

FIRST SEMESTER

DGL 501: CONCEPTS AND THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT AND UNDER-DEVELOPEMNT

(3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course covers the following: The concept of Development and underdevelopment; theories, models and approaches to development; mode of production; indicators of development; alternative development strategies; gender perspectives in development thinking.

DGL 503: THEORIES OF POLITICAL ORGANIZATION, DEMOCRACY, POLITICAL LIBERALISM (3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course content includes: Political modernisation; ideology and public opinion in the democratisation process; functionalism an the holistic approaches to democracy and political development; the action approach; citizenship and the problem of order; the concept of political development I historical perspective; political cultures, personality, leadership and bureaucracy; communications and political development; the armed forces in political modernisation and development; prospects for democratic development in the Africa.

DGL 505: STANDARDS AND AGREEMENTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND CITIZENSHIP

(3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course covers the following areas: Natural Right and Human Right in Hobbes and Locke; Natural Rights and Justice I Liberalism Social Rights and the Concept of Human Rights; International Standards and Agreements and Human Rights.

DGL 507: ADVANCED RESEARCH METHODS (3 CREDIT HOURS )

The topics include: the foundations of empirical research; the scientific methods; the research process; basic elements of research; the research design; and measurement; techniques of data collection; survey methods, observation by participation and the transect; projective techniques; use of available data; use of official statistics (documentary); advanced study of reliability and validity; sampling techniques; scaling techniques; evaluation research; data analysis and processing; communication in the research process; Interpretation and Reporting of research results; Ethical implications of Research; Writing of Research Proposal.

SECOND SEMESTER

DGL 502: MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE; GLOBALISATION AND REGIONALSM

(3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course focuses on: democracy and the fusion of the universal and the parochial; democracy and the need for economic growth and development; the prognosis of good governance; the problem of partisanship and interest articulation; global social theory; the regional factor in the emerging world order; situation Africa in the world order; the benefits and costs of globalisation; decentralisation and good governance and the Ghanaian experience.

DGL 504: LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN GHANA (3 CREDIT HOURS)

DGL 506: LAW AND DEVELOPM ENT (3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course is based generally on discussion topics and case studies, which focuses on the definition of law and the different of types of law; the scientific study of law (jurisprudence); law administration in relation to human rights, natural resource development, trade/commerce western legal systems and indigenous systems of law; Ghana Constitutional Development from colonial times to the Forth Republic; law as the source of order, stability and instability, rigidity and democracy.

DGL 508: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (3 CREDIT HOURS)

The course is designed to expose students to the major contemporary issues in development studies. The topics include; the north-south dialogue and the north-south development dichotomy; information and technology transfer; the role of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in the development of eth third world; the debt crisis and third world development, HIPC, facility and NEPAD initiative; the economic and social implications of globalisation for developing countries, international migration and the brain drain; regional integration; management of social transformation; peace and conflict with special focus on refugees; conflict resolution; environmental security; democracy; decentralisation. Emerging diseases and organisational responsibility e.g. HIV AIDS.

DGL 510: COMPUTING

The course introduces students to word processing and spreadsheets such as Excel, and SPSS for statistical analyses.

Hardware components; input output devices, Software: operating system; utility packages; application software; Maintenance Procedures. Health Issues

Word Processing essentials; Mail Merge, PowerPoint, New Document Templates. Internet Essentials and Research.

SPSS – Definition of Variables, Data Transformation: Coding. and Recoding; Data Inputting

SPSS – Inferential Statistics and Interpretation of results; Harvard Graphics

Excel – Excel Basics: data entry, editing, definition of variables; Sorting; Filtering; Subtotals

Excel – Numerical Data: Descriptive Statistics; Graphs; Correlation; Regression; Percentiles and Ranks; Z-scores

Excel – Inferential Statistics: tests of hypothesis (t-test, f-test, Anova etc);

Chi-Square Analysis

Excel – Categorical Data: Regression; Pivot Table and Chart Report.

Excel – Logical Functions

DGL 599: DISSERTATION

At the end of the course, students will present a Dissertation of topics between 10,000 and 15,000 words. The paper will be based on field studies in areas chosen by the students and approved by supervisors drawn from the faculty.

M.A. GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GSD 501: CONCEPTS OF GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (3 CREDITS)

The course will cover the following: Me aning of development and sustainable development (SD): mainstream, alternative development; Meaning of governance: good governance and indicators of good governance (institutions, policies and processes); governance of the commons; models of politics/power relations; integrating environment into development programming; historical timelines in the integration; links between SD and governance (different perspectives on the outcome of the Johannesburg Conference, etc).

Skills to be developed/enhanced:

The following skills will be developed and or enhanced by the end of the course: Communication skills, interpersonal skills; report writing skills: analytical writing; argumentation skills; reading skills, study skills, collaboration & coordination skills

GSD 502: INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT (3 CREDITS)

In this course the rationale for integrated assessment of development will be discussed. Other issues include the principles of sustainability science, models for integrated assessment, scenario analysis, participatory and interrelation methods. Topics relating to Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing, risk and uncertainty analysis, cost-benefit analysis including valuation of the environment will also be discussed.

Skills to be developed/enhanced:

Proposed skills building that will be incorporated into the discussions are research and analytical modelling skills.

GSD 503: ADVANCED RESEARCH METHODS(3 CREDITS)

This course will take students through the foundations of social research. Under this broad area the definitions and origin of research, the approaches, principles and ethical issues will be discussed. Other topics that will be treated are data needs and sources, participatory learning approaches and their rationale. In addition, monitoring and evaluation for purposes of good governance and sustainable development will also be discussed.

Skills to be developed/enhanced:

Skills building relating to community entry, facilitation, research (proposal writing, survey, reporting, writing), presentation and elements of successful information sharing will be infused into the class discussions.

GSD 504: GOVERNANCE AND LOCAL LEVEL DEVELOPMENT (3 CREDITS)

The first topic that will be discussed relates to the historical outline and outcomes of governance and local level development in Ghana. The institutional, legal and policy framework for decentralization, and the different forms of governance will also be discussed. The various stakeholders and structures, process dynamics, and expected outcomes for governance and local level development especially with reference to access to water, health and education will also be examined. In addition, the challenges or constraints, the resource requirements, the power relations at the local and national level and how they affect local level development will be treated.

Skills to be developed/enhanced:

Within the context of discussions of the above-mentioned topics, it is expected that the students will develop advocacy and networking skills, mobilization skills, human relations or interpersonal skills, and appreciate the importance of civic education.

GSD 505: STATISTICS AND APPLIED TECHNIQUES (3 CREDITS)

Within the course, students are expected to be able to couple techniques learnt in research methods with data presentation as part of their theses writing and presentation. In this respect definitions relating to statistics, variables and concept of measurement will be discussed. Other topics that will be treated are measures of central tendency, and dispersion, probability, the normal distribution, the z-score, and the t-distribution. Other topics are: sampling, sampling distribution, estimation and hypothesis testing, correlation, regression, and chi-square analysis.

Skills to be developed/enhanced:

As part of the technical and research building skills students will be required to use application programmes like SPSS, and Microsoft office to analyse data, prepare reports and make presentations.

GSD 506: SUSTAINABILITY IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD(3 CREDITS)

The discussions in this course will focus on the meaning of globalisation, including the trends and effects. Global power relations, global governance and nation state sovereignty will also be examined. Other issues concerning global environmental changes with particular emphasis on climate change, and deforestation and resultant global responses such as the Kyoto protocol and Millennium Development Goals will also be examined. In order to further link global environmental issues to sustainable development, there will be discussions on resource mobilization programmes like the Global Environment Fund and the Marshall Initiative. The activities, rules and modus operandi of the World Trade Organization and the links with sustainable development will also be treated, in addition to green marketing and corporate social responsibility, and structural adjustment policies and their implications with sustainable development.

Skills to be developed/enhanced:

The link between sustainable development and globalisation calls for trade offs between competing goals and ends so it is important for practitioners in this field to be able to negotiate, communicate, collaborate and resolve conflicts that arise in the use of limited resources of the global commons.

GSD 507: SOCIETY, CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT(3 CREDITS)

This course will examine the theoretical perspectives on society, culture and environment from the point of view of ecology, political economy, sociology and related fields. The institutions and actors that are involved in society and the socialization process will also be discussed with reference to production relations, ethnicity, gender and human capital formation. In addition, resource management, conservation, management of the commons, appropriate technology, and the production–environmental linkages will be examined within the context of modern versus indigenous production systems. Community rights and social change, coping or survival strategies, organized resistance, and social movements that develop for the management of social change and natural resource use will be discussed. Other topics are: consumption culture and environmental impacts and culture and sustainable development.

Skills to be developed/enhanced:

Skills related to advocacy and networking, community entry, research, environmental management, leadership, collaboration and co-ordination and conflict management will be fused into the discussions.

GSD 508: POPULATION, POVERTY AND ENVIRONMENT(3 CREDITS)

The discussions in this course will deal with the interrelationships between population, poverty, and sustainable development. The factors that influence environmental conditions and the institutional responses will also be examined. During the discussions emphasis will be laid on perception, attitudes and behaviour to resource management, technological capacity and human activities as they affect the environment. Best practices in resource allocation, utilisation and management of the environment will be examined.

Skills to be developed/enhanced:

The need for stakeholder collaboration, attitudinal change (to managing the environment and participation in development), conflict management, leadership, and community entry skills will be infused.

GSD: 509 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND AUDITING (3 CREDITS)

This course deals with definitions, key concepts and theoretical issues related to sustainable development, environmental impact assessment and environmental auditing. The history and current trends in EIA and EA in the context of sustainable development will also be discussed. In addition the key elements and procedures, methods and techniques, together with the institutional and legal frameworks of EIA/EA processes including stakeholder analysis will be examined. Other topics that will be treated are cost benefit analysis and the linkages with EIA/EA. Skills specific to EIA/EA, and research and report writing will be emphasized during discussions.

GSD 599: THESIS(9 CREDITS)

This entails the preparation and submission of a thesis at the end of the two semesters. The thesis should be at least 60 pages but not more than 80 pages, excluding the preliminary pages and appendices. Topics selected should fall within any of the themes described in the various courses.

METHODOLOGY OF THE PROGRAMME

The programme is based on the problem-based learning (PBL) methodology. It is a student-centred methodology that poses problems at the start of the lecture and even before students are presented with any course material. Students discuss the problem in groups (tutorial groups) with the lecturer being the facilitator. Students then are given time for self-study before they report back on the issues in the initial problem during the next lecture period. PBL is organised in modules so that the tutor guide (for the facilitator) and the tutorial guide (for the students) are essential. PBL methodology enables: